Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Fiddlehead (Diplazium esculentum) Agains the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteria in Vitro Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Pakis Sayur (Diplazium esculentum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in Vitro
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant public health issue in both developed and developing countries. Infectious diseases are caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which cause high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria generally uses antibiotics, but the continuous use of antibiotics can have side effects such as the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Diplazium esculentum is one of the medicinal plants that is often used to treat infectious diseases. The content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in D. esculentum includes saponins, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, triterpenoids, phenols, flavones, and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the effect of bacteriostatic activity of ethanol extract of D. esculentum and its effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. The study was conducted using a Randomised Complete Block Design (RAKL) with four concentrations of ethanol extract of vegetable fern, namely 20%, 33%, 43%, and 50%. As a positive control, the antibiotic chloramphenicol was used and the negative control used sterile distilled water. Data in the form of inhibition zone diameter formed from each treatment were analysed using Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test and continued with Mann Whitney Post Hoc test. The results of the study showed that the concentration of ethanol extract of D. esculentum showed bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus bacteria at concentrations of 43% and 50% with inhibition zones of 6.52 mm and 5.55 mm, as well as E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 43% and 50% with inhibition zones of 5.11 mm and 4.37 mm, but was not effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
[1] M. P. Lestari and Marchaban, “Upaya Pencegahan Resistensi Antibiotik dengan Edukai Penggunaan Obat yang Rasional,” Journal of Innovation in Community Empowerment (JICE), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 86-90, 2023.
[2] M. F. A. Novard, N. Suharti, and R. Rasyid, “Gambaran Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Pada Anak Berdasarkan Jenis Spesimen dan Pola Resistensinya di Laboratorium RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2014-2016,” Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 26-32, 2019.
[3] N. Khairunnisa, L. Yuniati., A. St. F. Arsal, Hermiaty, and R. S. Syamsu, “Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah sebagai Antimikroba Staphylococcus aureus Penyebab Frunkle,” Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 106-111, 2023.
[4] M. A. P. Muhlis, S. Hadi, Rasfayanah., H. Nasruddin, and Z. Murfat, “Efektivitas Ekstrak Rimpang Jeringau (Acorus calamus L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli,” Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 450-459, 2022.
[5] Soedarto, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2015.
[6] M. A. Kurnianto and F. Syahbanu, “Resistensi Antibiotik Pada Rantai Pasok Pangan: Tren, Mekanisme Resistensi, dan Langkah Pencegahan,” Agrointek: Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 608-621, 2023.
[7] World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Buku Antibiotik WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve). https://www.who.int/indonesia/id/news/detail/05-07-2023-buku-antibiotik-who-aware-(-access--watch--reserve). Accessed on Tuesday, October 1, 2024.
[8] A. R. S. Putra, M. H. Effendi, S. Koesdarto, Suwarno, W. Tyasningsih, and A. T. S. Estoepangestie, “Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum β-lactamase dari Swab Rectal Sapi Perah Menggunakan Metode Vitek-2 Di Kud Tani Wilis Sendang Kabupaten Tulungagung,” Journal of Basic Medicine Veterinary, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 108-114, 2019.
[9] Wahyuni, F. I. Ramadhani, and M. Widasari, “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Secara In Vivo Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pakis Sayur (Diplazium esculentum Swartz) pada Mencit Jantan Galur BALB/C yang Diinfeksi Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028,” Jurnal Farmasi UIN Alauddin, vol 4, no. 2, pp. 4-11, 2016.
[10] Hermawan, L. Purwanti, and U. A. Dasuki, “Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Daun Pakis Sayur (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz),” Prosiding Farmasi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 642-650, 2017.
[11] S. Khotijah, D. I. Laily, B. N. Widodo, and S. Sutoyo, “Aktivitas Mukolitik Ekstrak n-Heksana Tumbuhan Paku Nephrolepis radicans,” Unesa Journal of Chemistry, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 121-127, 2020.
[12] F. A. Husna, E. S. Sulasmi, and A. Witjoro, “Uji Aktifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Ental Muda Diplazium Esculentum (Retz.) Swartz terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in Vitro,” Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689-1699, 2016.
[13] W. W. Davis and T. R. Stout, “Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Assay,” Journal of Microbiology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 659-665, 1971.
[14] G. D. Shinta, “Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Biji Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans,” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2021.
[15] S. A. T. Rompas, D. S. Wewengkang, and D. A. Mpila, “Uji Antibakteri Organisme Laut Tunikata Polycarpa aurata terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus,” PHARMACON, vol, 11, no. 1, pp. 1271-1278, 2022.
[16] G. F. Brooks, J. S. Butel, and S. A. Morse, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Jawetz. Jakarta: Melnick Adelberg EGC, 2008.
[17] D. L. Sari, “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak Muda dan Tua (Annona Muricata) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus,” Skripsi, Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2018.
[18] M. Benigna, “Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Keji Beling (Srobilanthes crispa Bl.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella typhi secara in vitro,” Skripsi, Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2015.
[19] A. Yusran and Kevin, “Uji Daya Hambat Anti Jamur Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Cinnamomun burmanii terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans,” Dentofasial, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 104-110, 2009.
[20] S. Taufiq, U. Yuniarni, and S. Hazar, “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhi,” Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA Unisba, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 654-661, 2015.
[21] Jamilah, “Evaluasi Keberadaan Gen catP terhadap Resistensi Kloramfenikol Pada Penderita Demam Tifoid,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi Kesehatan dan Lingkungan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 146-152, UIN Alauddin Makassar, 2015.
[22] S. Fandini, “Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Pakis Sayur (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus epidermidis,” Skripsi, Padang: Universitas Andalas, 2023.
[23] N. Marfu’ah, S. Luthfiana, and Ichwanuddin, “Uji Potensi Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.),” PHARMASIPHA: Pharmaceutical Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2021.
[24] F. Bawamenewi, M. Bintang, M. Safithri, and F. H. Pasaribu, “Aktivitas Antimikroba dan Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Söfö-söfö (Acmella cf) Menggunakan GC-MS,” Current Biochemistry, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 102-111, 2016.